Date of Conferral

8-19-2026

Date of Award

August 2026

Degree

Ph.D.

School

Public Policy and Administration

Advisor

Ahmad Sabbagh

Abstract

Mental health challenges among first responders require coordinated stakeholder efforts. Although employee assistance programs (EAPs) are commonly offered as workplace benefits, little is known about firefighters’ experiences with these programs and how they can be tailored to meet their unique needs. Existing literature suggested that EAP utilization among firefighters is influenced by program awareness, confidentiality concerns, organizational support, stigma, and the extent to which services are tailored to first responders’ needs. Using a generic qualitative design and policy feedback theory, this study explored southeastern Michigan firefighters’ experiences with EAPs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 firefighters for semi structured interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that EAP utilization was influenced by leadership support, peer networks, stigma, awareness of available services, and trust in organizational systems. Participants recommended increased mental health awareness, stronger peer-support programs, and firefighter-specific resources to improve utilization. The study contributes to the literature by identifying factors that influence firefighter engagement with EAPs and offering recommendations to improve mental health support within fire service organizations. Implications for positive social change include increasing awareness of firefighter mental health challenges, reducing stigma associated with help-seeking behaviors, and informing policymakers and fire departments about strategies that may enhance EAP effectiveness, increase utilization, and support firefighter well-being.

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