Date of Conferral

9-2-2025

Degree

Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A)

School

Public Policy and Administration

Advisor

Anne Hacker

Abstract

The transgender and gender non-conforming population experiences discrimination when using public restrooms, but scholarly researchers do not know how the varying degrees of acceptance or rejection impact their daily lives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the lived experiences of transgender and non-conforming (TGNC) adults to determine if bathroom legislation helps alleviate adversity experienced by this group. Kingdon's multiple-streams framework and Meyer's minority stress theory were the theoretical frameworks that served as this study's foundation. The research questions for this study focused on how the lack of enabling restroom policies in New Jersey impacts TGNC adults who reside, work, study, or spend ample time in that state and how these specific influences could encourage a national dialogue. This qualitative study used a researcher-developed interview guide to conduct individual interviews. Using a convenience sampling technique, four female and six male adults who speak English, were between 18 and 25, and living or studying in three counties in New Jersey, were recruited for this study. Data was coded using a deductive coding technique. Four themes emerged from the data to describe the victimization experienced by (TGNC) individuals who live, work, or spend time in the three counties: verbal and physical abuse; state and federal laws and legislation; media influence. In addition, participants shared their opinions about being interviewed. Policy makers might use these findings to enhance positive social change related to fostering respect and inclusivity of TGNC individuals in mainstream society.

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